What chloroquine treats in 2025, what it doesn’t, dosing basics, side effects, safety checks, and smart alternatives for travel malaria prevention and care.
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Malaria Treatment: What Works and How to Use It
If you think you might have malaria, time matters. The disease can go from fever and chills to serious organ trouble fast, so getting the right medicine right away is key.
First thing to do is confirm the diagnosis – a quick blood test at a clinic will tell you if the parasite is there. Once confirmed, the standard answer is an artemisinin‑based combination therapy, or ACT. This combines a fast‑acting artemisinin derivative with another drug that clears any leftovers, cutting the chance of resistance.
First‑line drugs you’ll hear about
In most places, doctors prescribe one of these ACT combos:
- Artemether‑lumefantrine (Coartem) – taken twice a day for three days.
- Artesunate‑amodiaquine – also a three‑day course, good for areas where the parasite is still sensitive.
- Dihydroartemisinin‑piperaquine – a single‑day dose for some regions.
All of them work well when you finish the full course. Skipping doses can let the parasite survive and become resistant.
If you’re traveling to a region where chloroquine still works, you might be prescribed it instead. But most of the world now uses ACT because the parasite has outsmarted chloroquine in many places.
For people who can’t take ACTs, alternatives include:
- Quinine plus doxycycline or clindamycin – a five‑day regimen, but it can cause ringing in the ears and low blood sugar.
- Atovaquone‑proguanil (Malarone) – a once‑daily pill for four days, easy on the stomach.
- Mefloquine – taken as a single dose or weekly for prevention; it can cause vivid dreams.
What to do if you’re seriously ill
When malaria turns severe – with symptoms like confusion, trouble breathing or a drop in urine – you need IV treatment fast. The go‑to drug is IV artesunate, given in a hospital setting. It clears parasites quickly and reduces death rates.
While waiting for IV meds, doctors may also give a blood transfusion if anemia is severe, and supportive care to keep blood pressure stable.
After the IV phase, patients usually finish a short ACT course to mop up any remaining parasites.
Regardless of the drug, watch out for side effects. Common ones are nausea, headache and mild abdominal pain. If you feel a rapid heartbeat, severe itching, or swelling, call your doctor right away – those could be allergic reactions.
Prevention helps more than cure. If you’re heading to a malaria‑endemic area, start a chemoprophylactic drug (like atovaquone‑proguanil) a day before you arrive, keep taking it daily, and continue for a week after you leave. Combine that with mosquito nets, repellents, and wearing long sleeves at dusk.
Bottom line: ACT is the first line for uncomplicated malaria, IV artesunate saves lives in severe cases, and finishing the whole prescription stops resistance. If you suspect malaria, get tested, start treatment, and follow the dosage exactly. Stay safe and act fast – malaria is treatable when you catch it early.